Co-chairs: Masakazu Arima (Osaka Prefecture University) and Kazuo Ishii (Kyushu Institute of Technology)
- Introduction
The Underwater Robot Competition was held at Kobe Port Island Sports Center on Saturday, December 11, 2021 as a concurrent event of Techno-Ocean2021, an international exhibition and conference on marine-related science and technology. The Competition categories were the ‘AUV Division,’ ‘Free-style Division,’ ‘Junior Division,’ ‘Dream Underwater Robot Illustration Contest Division’ and ‘Marine Avatar Division.’ Due to COVID-19 restrictions, only the AUV Division was held on site while the other Divisions were held online. In particular, the Marine Avatar Division was held at the Fukushima Robot Test Field and relayed to the Underwater Robot Competition in Kobe, the Ukedo fishing port in Fukushima, and Shimabara fishing port in Nagasaki. It was a successful event with 116 participants on site and 168 registered online viewers. This report provides an overview of the Competition including the rules, evaluation criteria, and results.
- AUV Division
Scoring for the autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) with a weight of 50 kg or less is based on the following 3 criteria:
(1) Introductory video
(2) Competition on site
(3) Operational & technical capabilities
The total score is 1000 points for the introductory video (300 points), competition on site (500 points), and operational & technical capabilities (200 points).
As shown in Fig. 1, the inside of the swimming pool is divided into Area0, Area1 and Area2. Starting from Area0, four round trips should be made between Area2. Area1 has a yellow buoy and Area2 has a red buoy so that a round trip between these buoys is a straight course. The following are the regular missions for each Area.
Regular missions are a “course round trip”, “touch to buoys”, “underwater gate passage”, and “dive / surface”, as shown in Fig. 2.
Bonus points are awarded for technically advanced missions (bonus challenges) such as “positioning and approaching the underwater acoustic lighthouse” and “raising a medal marking completion of all the missions”. Teams should try to undertake these challenges. After 4 round trips, the AUV should surface in Area0 or Area1 to indicate completion of the missions. Each team representative should then declare to the referee that they have reached the goal.
A maximum of 50 operational/technical points are given for the following 4 criteria:
- A) Portability: Operational equipment judged to have excellent portability.
- B) Failure resistance: Operational equipment judged to have excellent failure resistance.
- C) Stability: Operational equipment judged to be excellent in stability.
- D) Extensibility: Operational equipment judged to be highly expandable.
If an AUV loses control during the competition, it can be retrieved by a diver/swimmer and restarted.
The following contents are necessary in the Introductory video. Items (a) to (c) are required and item (d) is optional.
(a) Team affiliation and team composition (self-introductions are optional)
(b) Strategies, ingenuity, and technical challenges in the Aquarium competition
(c) Appeal of the team’s AUV concept and technology
(d) Appeal of the vehicle’s operational technology (optional)
Six teams competed in the AUV Division. One team’s vehicle could not be submerged and the other five AUVs competed in the qualifying tournament, semi-finals and finals. Hamtaro of Osaka Prefecture University won the championship by steadily accumulating points from the qualifying round to the finals. The final results are shown on this report’s last page.
- Freestyle Division
The competition rules for the Freestyle Division are as follows:
Competition participants should create a video of about 5 minutes in a safe and accessible place. The judges will review each video, and individually evaluate and score the content quality, uniqueness of the underwater robot, its performance, perfection in executing freestyle maneuvers, and the quality of the handouts distributed, as described below:
(1) Video quality and ease of understanding (presentation points): 20 points
(2) Uniqueness of design concept (artistic points): 20 points
(3) Operational performance (technical points): 10 points
(4) Perfection in executing disclosed freestyle maneuvers (execution points): 30 points
(5) Quality of the handouts (document points): 20 points
Taking each criterion into consideration, the total points are tallied to determine the ranking. For the execution of the freestyle maneuvers, high reproducibility is desired. These maneuvers (for example, diving, surfacing, turns, jumps, etc.) should be clearly described in the handouts. Based on the judges’ evaluations, the team showing the best robot performance was awarded the Freestyle Division Prize. Rankings of the five participating teams are shown at the end of this article.
- Junior Division
The first screening is based on the posters submitted by the applicants, which addressed the following issues:
- Why is marine debris a problem and what kind of problems does it cause? Are these investigated and explained in an easy-to-understand manner? [10 points]
- Are the difficulties in the collection and disposal of marine debris investigated and clearly described? [10 points]
- Are the efforts to address marine debris investigated and clearly described? [10 points]
- Is the way in which the team would tackle the problem of marine debris using robots clearly explained? [10 points]
- Are the sources for each team’s information clearly specified? [10 points]
These 5 criteria were evaluated for a total of 50 points.
A robot creation kit and vinyl pool were distributed to the teams that passed the first screening. The robot should be developed based on the information provided in the distributed robot kit. In addition, an online pre-training session was held in late October. In this workshop, how to program a microcomputer and use the robot kit were explained.
When the robot is completed, a vinyl pool distributed by the Organizing Committee should be set up in a free space at school and the robot operated to collect the floating objects that simulate marine debris, also provided by the Committee. A picture of the landscape and a PR video of about 3 minutes with the following information should also be submitted:
- Video showing the idea behind the robot (about 2 min)
- Uncut video showing how the robot collects debris. (1 min)
- Finally, the number of pieces of debris collected in one minute should be displayed using captions.
Fourteen teams participated in the Junior Division, and after rigorous evaluation, a certificate of commendation was given to the teams showing excellent presentation and robot performance.
- Dream Underwater Robot Illustration Division
Elementary and junior high school students were invited to submit illustrations to the Organizing Committee, as an e-mail attachment, on the following theme:
Theme: As a maritime nation, what kind of robots would be active in places related to water in Japan such as the sea, rivers, lakes, and dams?
Ideas for robots that would work underwater in the future as well as drawings of imaginary underwater robots were also solicited. Not only drawings, but manga, illustrations, prints or concept designs were also accepted.
There were 13 applications from all over the country, and after vigorous review, a certificate of commendation and a supplementary prize were given to the most excellent and imaginative works.
- Conclusions
Since 2006, underwater robot competitions have been held once or twice a year in Japan. The OCEANS’18 MTS/IEEE Underwater Robot Competition was held at Kobe/Techno-Ocean 2018 (OTO’18), and it was memorable that many original underwater robots were gathered from both Japan and abroad. However, due to COVID-19 restrictions, Techno-Ocean was postponed for a year, and for the
Techno-Ocean2021, we had no choice but to forgo participation from overseas. The competition and judging were held online except for the AUV Division, which was carried out smoothly on site without any major trouble. Previously, there were some underwater robots that could not demonstrate their abilities on site, however, by viewing the videos sent in advance that maximized the characteristics of the robots, we could make a fair evaluation. For future meetings, we would like to continue to improve the content while retaining the benefits of holding hybrid conferences.
We strongly hope that our usual international research collaborations and exchanges can be resumed as soon as possible so that we can once again welcome participants from overseas. Next time, we look forward to your participation.
| Competition Results:
· AUV Division (Vehicle Name / Team Name / Affiliation) Champion Hamtaro / OPU / Osaka Prefecture University 2nd Prize orca-olympia / KPC-AUV / Kyushu Polytechnic College 3rd Prize Kurione / Aqua Lab. / Tokyo Institute of Technology 3rd Prize KURO / Sato Lab / Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science
· Free-style Division (Vehicle Name / Team Name / Affiliation) Champion J.E.N.O.S. / Team-J.E.R.O.S. / Hiroshima Institute of Technology & Nishinippon Institute of Technology 2nd Prize M.I.R.O.C.A./ Team-M.I.R.O.C.A. / Hiroshima Institute of Technology & Nishinippon Institute of Technology Special Award Seto Inland Sea / Industrial Technology Club / Okayama Shoka University High School
· Junior Division (Team Name / Affiliation) Champion Clean the sea with an underwater robot Team / Fukuoka Jyoto High School 2nd Prize Underwater Suikou-san / Minamata High School 3rd Prize YSYO / Fukuoka Jyoto High School Best Poster Award MTT / Fukuoka Jyoto High School Best Presentation Award Ryugei (Dragon Whale) / Fukuoka Jyoto High School Best Score Award Clean the sea with an underwater robot Team / Fukuoka Jyoto High School Best Score Award NiAScience / High School attached to Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science Best Idea Award Swimmy / Fukuoka Jyoto High School Judges’ Special Award Keiai marine / Keiai Junior Highschool
· Dream Underwater Robot Illustration Contest Division (Title / Name (Age) / School Name) <Lower grades: 1st and 2nd grades of elementary school> Grand Prix Robots that find and dig undersea resources / Takeda Aoi (6) / Koito Elementary School Prize for Excellence A fish robot that eats marine debris and lays eggs / Tamaki Maya (6) / Hisamoto Elementary School Prize for Excellence Sea cleaning robot / Takasaki Mai (6) / Kikugaoka Elementary School Recognition Award Fish shelter robot / Okuhira Risa (7) / Higashi Elementary School Recognition Award Robot that collects garbage / Yamaguchi Hukuhito (6) / Hibikino Elementary School Best Idea Award Underwater Robot / Iwasaki Rui (7) / Yobaru Elementary School
<Middle grades: 3rd and 4th grades of elementary school> Grand Prix Gold, Silver, Cobalt Jewel Picking Robot / Terauchi Masanari (9) / Moritsune Elementary School Prize for Excellence Fish amusement park / Wakabayashi Sakurako (8) / Nishi-Kasai Elementary School Prize for Excellence Octopus robot / Matsuo Rio (8) / Isegaoka Elementary School Recognition Award Undersea garbage disposal robot / Okuhira Sana (9) / Higashi Elementary School Recognition Award Pakomo: A robot that carries luggage underwater / Akahori Tsukasa (8) / Kitayama Elementary School Recognition Award Whale diving robot / Kamei Souma (9) / Kanda Elementary School
<Upper grades: 5th and 6th grades of elementary school> Prize for Excellence Shark robot / Oba Moe (10) / Kanda Elementary School
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Suleman Mazhar has been working as a professor in Information & Communication Engineering at Harbin Engineering University (China) since July 2019. He did PhD from Tokyo University (Japan) and postdoctorate from Georgetown University (Washington DC, USA). He had BS-CS from FAST-NUCES (Lahore) and MS from GIK Institute (Pakistan). He is TYSP young scientist fellow (Ministry of Science & Technology China) and have won several research grants from international organizations such as DAAD (Germany), ICIMOD (Nepal), NRPU (Higher Education Commission Pakistan), WWF (Worldwide Fund for Nature) Pakistan. His research focus is deep learning and signal processing applications for environmental monitoring, with particular focus on underwater acoustics, and marine mammal conservation. He is a reviewer for professional journals such as Journal of Acoustical Society (America), IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Sensors Journal, Applied Acoustics, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.
Peng Ren is a full professor with the College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China). He is the director of Qingdao International Research Center for Intelligent Forecast and Detection of Oceanic Catastrophes. He received the K. M. Scott Prize from the University of York, the Natural Science award (first rank) from China Institute of Electronics, and the Eduardo Caianiello Best Student Paper Award from 18th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing as one co-author. He has served as an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.
Mohd Rizal Arshad is a full professor at the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia, where he specializes in ocean robotics technology and intelligent system. He received his B.Eng. in Medical Electronics & Instrumentation and PhD in Electronic Engineering from University of Liverpool, UK in 1994 and 1999, respectively. He completed his MSc. in Electronic Control Engineering from the University of Salford, UK in Dec 1995. He has supervised many postgraduate students and published extensively in local and international publications. He is a senior member of the IEEE, and was awarded IEEE OES Presidential Award in 2019.
Itzik Klein is an Assistant Professor, heading the Autonomous Navigation and Sensor Fusion Lab, at the Charney School of Marine Sciences, Hatter Department of Marine Technologies, University of Haifa. He is an IEEE Senior Member and a member of the IEEE Journal of Indoor and Seamless Positioning and Navigation (J-ISPIN) Editorial Board. Prior to joining the University of Haifa, he worked at leading companies in Israel on navigation topics for more than 15 years. He has a wide range of experience in navigation systems and sensor fusion from both industry and academic perspectives. His research interests lie in the intersection of artificial intelligence with inertial sensing, sensor fusion, and autonomous underwater vehicles.
John R. Potter (IEEE M’94, SM’02, F’18) graduated in the previous century with a joint honours Mathematics and Physics Degree from Bristol and a PhD. in Glaciology and Oceanography from Cambridge, UK studying Antarctic ice mass balance, where he spent four consecutive summers. This work helped underscore the non-linear fragility of polar ice to climate change and led to him receiving the Polar Medal from Queen Elizabeth II in 1988.
Nick is a Visiting Fellow at the UK National Oceanographic Center, Southampton His nomination was endorsed by the Underwater Acoustics Technology Committee. He had worked as a Research Associate and Lecturer at University of Birmingham and has been working as a Research Scientist at the Applied Research Laboratory, University of Texas, Austin. He has also served as a Program Officer at the Office of Naval Research Global. He is a senior member of IEEE (OES) and a Fellow of Acoustical Society of America (ASA). Nick has also been serving as Assoc. Editor for IEEE JoE and JASA. He is widely acknowledged for his expertise are seabed acoustics, parametric array modeling, sonar beamformer, underwater signal processing.
Maurizio Migliaccio (M’91-SM’00-F’17) is Full professor of Electromagnetics at Università di Napoli Parthenope (Italy) and was Affiliated Full Professor at NOVA Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (USA). He has been teaching Microwave Remote Sensing since 1994. He was visiting scientist at Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Lüft und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. He was member of the Italian Space Agency (ASI) scientific committee. He was member of the ASI CosmoSkyMed second generation panel. He was e-geos AdCom member. He was Italian delegate of the ESA PB-EO board. He was Member of South Africa Expert Review Panel for Space Exploration. He serves as reviewer for the UE, Italian Research Ministry (MIUR), NCST, Kazakhstan and Hong Kong Research board. He lectured in USA, Canada, Brazil, China, Hong Kong, Germany, Spain, Czech Republic, Switzerland and Italy. He was Italian delegate at UE COST SMOS Mode Action. He is listed in the Italian Top Scientists. He is an IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing AE, International Journal of Remote Sensing AE, and was IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering AE Special Issue on Radar for Marine and Maritime Remote Sensing, IEEE JSTARS AE of the Special Issue on CosmoSKyMed, Member of the Indian Journal of Radio & Space Physics Editorial board. His main current scientific interests cover SAR sea oil slick and man-made target monitoring, remote sensing for marine and coastal applications, remote sensing for agriculture monitoring, polarimetry, inverse problems for resolution enhancement, reverberating chambers. He published about 160 peer-reviewed journal papers on remote sensing and applied electromagnetics.
He has developed various types of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and related application technologies including navigation methods, a new sensing method using a chemical sensor, precise seafloor mapping methods, a precise seabed positioning system with a resolution of a few centimeters, a new sensing system of the thickness of cobalt-rich crust; and more. He has shown, by using these technologies that AUVs are practicable and valuable tools for deep-sea exploration.
Donna Kocak has had an outstanding career in defense and scientific projects developing and applying solutions in subsea optics, imaging and robotics. She graduated with an M.Sc in Computer Science in 1997 from the University of Central Florida; an MBA in 2008 from the University of Florida; and M.Sc in Industrial Engineering in 2011 from the University of Central Florida. She is currently a Senior Scientist, Advanced Concepts Engineering, and Fellow at the Harris Corporation in Melbourne, Florida, where she has developed novel optical imaging and communication solutions for under-sea defense and scientific projects. Prior to 2008 Donna Kocak was Founder and President of Green Sky Imaging, LLC (GSI) who developed laser/video photogrammetry software for underwater inspection and survey. Her earlier career positions were with Naval Training Systems Center, Florida; Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Florida; eMerge Interactive; and the Advanced Technologies Group in Florida.
John Potter has a Joint Honours degree in Mathematics and Physics from Bristol University in the UK and a PhD in Glaciology and Oceanography from the University of Cambridge on research in the Antarctic, for which he was awarded the Polar Medal in 1988. John has worked on polar oceanography, underwater acoustics, ambient noise (including imaging), marine mammals, communications, IoUT, autonomous vehicles and strategic development. He has 40 years’ international experience working at the British Antarctic Survey in the UK, NATO in Italy, SIO in California, NUS in Singapore and most recently at NTNU in Norway. John is a Fellow of the IEEE and MTS, an Associate Editor for the IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, IEEE OES Distinguished Lecturer, PADI Master Scuba Diver Trainer & an International Fellow of the Explorer’s Club.
Dr. James V. Candy is the Chief Scientist for Engineering and former Director of the Center for Advanced Signal & Image Sciences at the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Dr. Candy received a commission in the USAF in 1967 and was a Systems Engineer/Test Director from 1967 to 1971. He has been a Researcher at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory since 1976 holding various positions including that of Project Engineer for Signal Processing and Thrust Area Leader for Signal and Control Engineering. Educationally, he received his B.S.E.E. degree from the University of Cincinnati and his M.S.E. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Florida, Gainesville. He is a registered Control System Engineer in the state of California. He has been an Adjunct Professor at San Francisco State University, University of Santa Clara, and UC Berkeley, Extension teaching graduate courses in signal and image processing. He is an Adjunct Full-Professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Dr. Candy is a Fellow of the IEEE and a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA) and elected as a Life Member (Fellow) at the University of Cambridge (Clare Hall College). He is a member of Eta Kappa Nu and Phi Kappa Phi honorary societies. He was elected as a Distinguished Alumnus by the University of Cincinnati. Dr. Candy received the IEEE Distinguished Technical Achievement Award for the “development of model-based signal processing in ocean acoustics.” Dr. Candy was selected as a IEEE Distinguished Lecturer for oceanic signal processing as well as presenting an IEEE tutorial on advanced signal processing available through their video website courses. He was nominated for the prestigious Edward Teller Fellowship at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Dr. Candy was awarded the Interdisciplinary Helmholtz-Rayleigh Silver Medal in Signal Processing/Underwater Acoustics by the Acoustical Society of America for his technical contributions. He has published over 225 journal articles, book chapters, and technical reports as well as written three texts in signal processing, “Signal Processing: the Model-Based Approach,” (McGraw-Hill, 1986), “Signal Processing: the Modern Approach,” (McGraw-Hill, 1988), “Model-Based Signal Processing,” (Wiley/IEEE Press, 2006) and “Bayesian Signal Processing: Classical, Modern and Particle Filtering” (Wiley/IEEE Press, 2009). He was the General Chairman of the inaugural 2006 IEEE Nonlinear Statistical Signal Processing Workshop held at the Corpus Christi College, University of Cambridge. He has presented a variety of short courses and tutorials sponsored by the IEEE and ASA in Applied Signal Processing, Spectral Estimation, Advanced Digital Signal Processing, Applied Model-Based Signal Processing, Applied Acoustical Signal Processing, Model-Based Ocean Acoustic Signal Processing and Bayesian Signal Processing for IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society/ASA. He has also presented short courses in Applied Model-Based Signal Processing for the SPIE Optical Society. He is currently the IEEE Chair of the Technical Committee on “Sonar Signal and Image Processing” and was the Chair of the ASA Technical Committee on “Signal Processing in Acoustics” as well as being an Associate Editor for Signal Processing of ASA (on-line JASAXL). He was recently nominated for the Vice Presidency of the ASA and elected as a member of the Administrative Committee of IEEE OES. His research interests include Bayesian estimation, identification, spatial estimation, signal and image processing, array signal processing, nonlinear signal processing, tomography, sonar/radar processing and biomedical applications.
Kenneth Foote is a Senior Scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. He received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from The George Washington University in 1968, and a Ph.D. in Physics from Brown University in 1973. He was an engineer at Raytheon Company, 1968-1974; postdoctoral scholar at Loughborough University of Technology, 1974-1975; research fellow and substitute lecturer at the University of Bergen, 1975-1981. He began working at the Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, in 1979; joined the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1999. His general area of expertise is in underwater sound scattering, with applications to the quantification of fish, other aquatic organisms, and physical scatterers in the water column and on the seafloor. In developing and transitioning acoustic methods and instruments to operations at sea, he has worked from 77°N to 55°S.
René Garello, professor at Télécom Bretagne, Fellow IEEE, co-leader of the TOMS (Traitements, Observations et Méthodes Statistiques) research team, in Pôle CID of the UMR CNRS 3192 Lab-STICC.
Professor Mal Heron is Adjunct Professor in the Marine Geophysical Laboratory at James Cook University in Townsville, Australia, and is CEO of Portmap Remote Ocean Sensing Pty Ltd. His PhD work in Auckland, New Zealand, was on radio-wave probing of the ionosphere, and that is reflected in his early ionospheric papers. He changed research fields to the scattering of HF radio waves from the ocean surface during the 1980s. Through the 1990s his research has broadened into oceanographic phenomena which can be studied by remote sensing, including HF radar and salinity mapping from airborne microwave radiometers . Throughout, there have been one-off papers where he has been involved in solving a problem in a cognate area like medical physics, and paleobiogeography. Occasionally, he has diverted into side-tracks like a burst of papers on the effect of bushfires on radio communications. His present project of the Australian Coastal Ocean Radar Network (ACORN) is about the development of new processing methods and applications of HF radar data to address oceanography problems. He is currently promoting the use of high resolution VHF ocean radars, based on the PortMap high resolution radar.
Hanu Singh graduated B.S. ECE and Computer Science (1989) from George Mason University and Ph.D. (1995) from MIT/Woods Hole.He led the development and commercialization of the Seabed AUV, nine of which are in operation at other universities and government laboratories around the world. He was technical lead for development and operations for Polar AUVs (Jaguar and Puma) and towed vehicles(Camper and Seasled), and the development and commercialization of the Jetyak ASVs, 18 of which are currently in use. He was involved in the development of UAS for polar and oceanographic applications, and high resolution multi-sensor acoustic and optical mapping with underwater vehicles on over 55 oceanographic cruises in support of physical oceanography, marine archaeology, biology, fisheries, coral reef studies, geology and geophysics and sea-ice studies. He is an accomplished Research Student advisor and has made strong collaborations across the US (including at MIT, SIO, Stanford, Columbia LDEO) and internationally including in the UK, Australia, Canada, Korea, Taiwan, China, Japan, India, Sweden and Norway. Hanu Singh is currently Chair of the IEEE Ocean Engineering Technology Committee on Autonomous Marine Systems with responsibilities that include organizing the biennial IEEE AUV Conference, 2008 onwards. Associate Editor, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2007-2011. Associate editor, Journal of Field Robotics 2012 onwards.
Milica Stojanovic graduated from the University of Belgrade, Serbia, in 1988, and received the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Northeastern University in Boston, in 1991 and 1993. She was a Principal Scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and in 2008 joined Northeastern University, where she is currently a Professor of electrical and computer engineering. She is also a Guest Investigator at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Milica’s research interests include digital communications theory, statistical signal processing and wireless networks, and their applications to underwater acoustic systems. She has made pioneering contributions to underwater acoustic communications, and her work has been widely cited. She is a Fellow of the IEEE, and serves as an Associate Editor for its Journal of Oceanic Engineering (and in the past for Transactions on Signal Processing and Transactions on Vehicular Technology). She also serves on the Advisory Board of the IEEE Communication Letters, and chairs the IEEE Ocean Engineering Society’s Technical Committee for Underwater Communication, Navigation and Positioning. Milica is the recipient of the 2015 IEEE/OES Distinguished Technical Achievement Award.
Dr. Paul C. Hines was born and raised in Glace Bay, Cape Breton. From 1977-1981 he attended Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, graduating with a B.Sc. (Hon) in Engineering-Physics.